According to specific design requirements, the battery cells are assembled into battery modules in series and parallel. When the BMS and thermal management system jointly control or manage multiple battery modules, this unified whole is called a battery pack, which is mainly derived from its assembly and packaging process.
A battery pack is a power supply device that contains multiple battery modules. It can be considered as a larger battery system. The battery pack not only obtains higher voltage and capacity, but also facilitates the installation, connection and management of battery modules, and provides necessary protection and monitoring functions.
The battery cells form battery modules, and the battery modules form battery packs.
Battery Cell
The battery cell refers to the most basic component of the battery. It is a unit that stores and releases electrical energy, converting chemical energy into electrical energy through chemical reactions. The battery cell is usually composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, an electrolyte and a shell. Those who can produce battery cells are all large manufacturers, such as BYD, CATL, Guoxuan High-tech, and Yiwei Lithium Energy.
Battery Module
The battery module is a unit assembled by connecting multiple battery cells in series and parallel. It is used to provide higher required voltage and capacity. At the same time, the module can support, fix and protect the battery cell.
For example, the nominal voltage of the 48V lithium iron phosphate battery module is 3.2V, 48/3.2=15, and 15 batteries are required to be connected in series to achieve the required voltage.
Battery pack
The battery pack is also called battery PACK, which is assembled from multiple battery modules and is the final product. It usually consists of a battery module, a connector, a battery management system (BMS), a cooling system, a fuse, a relay, an electrical interface and a shell. By equipping the battery pack with a BMS (battery management system), the battery pack can not only improve the safety of the battery, but also actively perform thermal management to respond to changes in battery and ambient temperature, thereby increasing the effective working range of the lithium battery. It is widely used in electric vehicles, forklifts, golf carts, sanitation vehicles, AGV trolley electric vehicles.
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